“Yoga” is a very old term that originated in India, explains Indu Arora, an Ayurveda and yoga therapist and author of Yoga: Ancient Heritage, Tomorrow’s Vision. “Its roots are found in ancient texts called Vedas, which are about 3,000- to 5,000-year-old texts,” she says. 

As Arora explains, yoga is “that harmonious, peaceful, content, still state of mind. Whenever we have found that, we are in that state of yoga.”

That’s why focusing on your breath—pranayama—is considered an essential component of yoga. “Prana” refers to life force or breath sustaining the body; “ayama” means “to extend” or “to draw out.” The two together mean breath extension or control. Some yoga teachers consider pranayama as the most important part of the practice.

Health Benefits of Yoga

When you begin to practice yoga regularly, you’ll unlock a host of health benefits. Because yoga engages the mind, body, and spirit, these span the physical, mental, and emotional realms. 

Flexibility and Strength

The moving, stretching, and deep breathing during a yoga practice improves blood flow and both stretches and strengthens muscles.

Pain Relief

Yoga shows promise for relieving certain kinds of chronic and acute pain—especially low back pain, according to research. 

Reduced Inflammation

Factors such as stress and a sedentary lifestyle can trigger chronic inflammation, which in turn can raise your risk for disease. Yoga may be a powerful antidote. Studies have found that practicing yoga may help lower blood levels of an inflammation-promoting immune cell called IL-6 and cortisol, also known as the “stress hormone.”

Better Heart Health

The evidence is overwhelming: Yoga appears to be an effective way to boost heart health, help manage heart conditions, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Decrease In Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress

Yoga has been found to help decrease depressive symptoms and significantly reduce stress and anxiety. Research continues to find that meditation is effective in relieving symptoms of depression as well.

Improved Focus

The practice of holding postures, breathing intentionally, and meditating all train you to fine-tune your attention by syncing your breathing with movement, focusing on the subtleties of your inhalations and exhalations, and letting go of distracting thoughts. 

Increased Gratitude

Studies have also shown that a regular yoga practice promotes positive emotions and body image. “Yoga has helped me to deal with life struggles,” says Kiesha Battles, yoga teacher and trainer, and co-director of the Yoga Retreat for Women of Color. “It allows me to have more clarity in the way I see things so that I can deal with troubles or problems.” 

Better Sleep

When practiced consistently, yoga may help reduce the time it takes you to fall asleep, decrease sleep disturbances, and improve sleep quality.

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Types of Yoga

If you’ve ever browsed yoga class schedules, you’ve likely encountered a slew of options—including some with names that you don’t understand. These typically signify various types of yoga with approaches that vary in intensity, focus, and styles. Following are some styles of yoga you may encounter:

• Vinyasa Yoga: Vinyasa classes typically comprise a sequence of poses that are moved through with one movement per breath.
• Restorative Yoga: A Restorative yoga class typically involves only five or six relaxing poses—supported by props, such as blankets, bolsters, pillows, blocks, or stacks of books—that you linger in for several minutes. The postures are designed to help you to release tension and rest.
• Hot Yoga: Any style of yoga practiced in an intentionally heated room is hot yoga. The temperature is believed to encourage increased flexibility, although it’s important to exert caution.
• Yin Yoga: A relatively recently developed style, Yin yoga involves variations of seated and supine stretches that are typically held for 3 to 5 minutes to access fascia, a type of connective tissue that is the subject of much research. Exerting subtle tension on fascia can improve flexibility and minimize recovery time from injuries.
• Ashtanga Yoga: An athletic and demanding practice based on several set sequences of postures that remain the same, an Ashtanga yoga practice is taught in increasing levels of difficulty. Beginners start with the Primary Series.
• Hatha Yoga: Unlike vinyasa, Hatha yoga focuses on individual poses and not the linking of poses from one to the next. The practice is meant to deepen your understanding of each pose.
• Yoga Therapy: Any yogic technique used to systematically address physical injury or pain, as well as mental and emotional stress or trauma, can be considered yoga therapy. 
• Iyengar Yoga: By paying careful attention to the alignment of each posture, Iyengar yoga is the practice of precision. Poses are held for extended periods of time  and students are often supported with props to experience the posture’s intended alignment. 
• Jivamukti Yoga: This style of yoga is defined by incorporating chanting, meditation, pranayama, philosophy, and music into a vigorous vinyasa practice. Jivamukti is a physically and intellectually stimulating type of yoga. 
• Kundalini Yoga: A blend of spiritual and physical practices, Kundalini yoga includes less of an emphasis on movement and more on dynamic breathing techniques, meditation, and the chanting of mantras.
• Power Yoga:  This practice flows from one pose to the next. Power yoga has many of the same qualities as Ashtanga and some types of vinyasa, including building internal heat, increasing stamina, enhancing strength and flexibility, as well as reducing stress.
• Prenatal Yoga: With an emphasis on breathing, stamina, pelvic floor work, restorative poses, and core strength, prenatal yoga can be practiced both during and after pregnancy.
• Tantra Yoga: By harnessing and embodying the five forces of Shakti, the divine feminine that represents creativity and change, tantric yoga intends to help you move through the world with more confidence and contentment.

Best Yoga Poses for Beginners

Here are six basic yoga poses that are beginner-friendly. There are many variations of each yoga pose that can help make them more accessible to your unique body.

Mountain Pose (Tadasana)

Although it may look like a simple standing position, Mountain Pose engages your leg muscles and your core, while establishing greater body awareness and alignment.

How to:

1. Stand with your big toes touching, heels slightly apart.
2. Reach your tailbone toward the floor.
3. Broaden your collarbones and let your arms hang at your sides, palms facing forward.
4. Hold Mountain Pose for up to 10 breaths.

Cat Pose (Marjaryasana)

Cat Pose can help relieve tension in your low, middle, and upper back, as well as improve posture. This pose is often paired with Cow Pose (see below) for a gentle flow.

How to:

1. Start on your hands and knees with your knees directly below your hips and your wrists, elbows, and shoulders in line.
2. As you exhale, round your spine toward the ceiling and release your head toward the floor without forcing your chin to your chest. 
3. Repeat Cat Pose (or Cat-Cow) 5 to 10 times.

Cow Pose (Bitilasana)

Cow Pose can be done on your hands and knees, or even in a seated position during chair yoga. Cow Pose may help increase mobility, especially for people experiencing muscle and joint stiffness.

How to:

1. Start on your hands and knees. Make sure your knees are directly below your hips and your wrists; elbows and shoulders are in line.
2. As you inhale, lift your sitting bones and chest toward the ceiling, allowing your belly to sink toward the floor. Lift your head to look straight forward.
3. Exhale, coming back to your hands and knees.
4. Repeat Cow Pose (or Cat-Cow) 5 to 10 times.

Cobra Pose (Bhujangasana)

Cobra Pose may help improve symptoms of chronic low back pain by increasing flexibility and core strength. Though you may see yogis straightening their arms and more deeply arching their backs, it’s okay to stay low to the ground, especially if you’re new to Cobra Pose.

How to:

1. Lie on your stomach with your palms on the floor, fingertips in line with the middle of your chest. Place a folded towel or blanket underneath your hip bones for added cushioning. Extend your legs. 
2. Slowly press your palms into the floor and draw your shoulder blades together. Keep your shoulders down.
3. Keep a deep bend in both arms as you expand your chest forward. 
4. Hold for 5 to 10 breaths and slowly lower yourself back down to the floor.

Child’s Pose (Balasana)

Child’s Pose and its variations provide a stretch for the lower back and hips. This pose is often recommended for yogis to return to throughout a class or sequence.

How to:

1. Begin in a seated position with your bottom on top of your feet, placing a rolled blanket or towel in between if it’s more comfortable.
2. Touch your big toes together and widen your knees out to the side as you slowly walk your hands out in front of you.
3. Bring your forehead to the floor. If it’s more accessible, place a book, block, or blanket beneath your forehead.
4. Stay in this position anywhere from 30 seconds to a few minutes. To come out of Child’s Pose, slowly walk your hands back toward your body and rise up to seated.

Corpse Pose (Savasana)

Yogis rest in Savasana at the end of each practice. This pose offers a chance to find inner stillness after the physical movement of a yoga class.

Savasana may provide deep relaxation, which promotes stress reduction.

How to:

1. Lie down slowly onto your back and soften (but don’t flatten) your lower back onto the floor. If it’s more comfortable, support the back of your head and neck on a folded blanket or towel.
2. Release your arms to the floor. Rest the backs of your hands on the floor. Make sure your shoulder blades are resting evenly on the floor.
3. Soften your tongue to the bottom of your mouth. Relax your face. 
4. Try to stay in this pose for at least 5 minutes at the end of your practice. To exit, first roll gently with an exhalation onto one side. Take 2 or 3 breaths. With another exhalation press your hands against the floor and lift your torso, dragging your head slowly after. Your head should always come up last.

Breathwork for Beginners

There are many different breathwork, or pranayama, techniques, including simply slowing your breath. Another common and traditional form of breathwork is Ujjayi. This type of breathing pattern is approximately equal length inhalations and exhalations and should feel both energizing and relaxing. It’s created by gently constricting the opening of the throat to create some resistance to the passage of air. An effective Ujjayi breath renders a soothing sound.

At the beginning of class, a yoga teacher may guide students through one or more breathing techniques, including Ujjayi as well as:

• Alternate Nostril Breathing (Nadi Shodhana)
• Cooling Breath (Shitali Pranayama)
• Breath of Fire (Kapalabhati Pranayama)

It’s normal if you feel awkward when you first start practicing yogic breathwork. Try to be patient with yourself and over time, you may become more comfortable and reap the benefits breathwork can offer.

In a study in the International Journal of Yoga, researchers found that pranayama is linked with stress relief, improved cardiovascular health and respiratory function, and enhanced cognition.

A well-known saying goes something like “Movement with awareness is yoga. Movement without awareness is exercise.”  That awareness includes attention to your breath as you move throughout the poses.